Substance addiction is a chronic brain disease characterized by compulsive drug or alcohol seeking and use, despite the negative consequences. It is often associated with physical and psychological dependence on the substance, which can lead to tolerance, withdrawal, and a loss of control over one’s drug or alcohol use.
Symptoms of substance addiction may include:
- An inability to stop using the substance, even when one wants to
- Withdrawal symptoms when the substance is not used
- Tolerance, or needing more of the substance to achieve the desired effect
- Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed
- Continuing to use the substance despite negative consequences, such as health problems, relationship issues, or financial difficulties
- Spending a lot of time obtaining and using the substance, or recovering from its effects
- Changes in mood, behavior, and physical appearance
Types of substance addiction can include:
- Alcohol addiction
- Opioid addiction (e.g., heroin, prescription painkillers)
- Stimulant addiction (e.g., cocaine, methamphetamine)
- Sedative-hypnotic addiction (e.g., benzodiazepines, barbiturates)
- Hallucinogen addiction (e.g., LSD, psilocybin)
Overcoming substance addiction
Often involves a combination of behavioral therapies, medications, and support groups. Treatment may begin with detoxification, followed by a comprehensive treatment plan that addresses the individual’s physical, psychological, and social needs. Behavioral therapies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and motivational interviewing (MI) are often used to help individuals change their thoughts, beliefs, and behavior’s related to substance use. Medications may also be used to manage withdrawal symptoms and cravings. Support groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) or Narcotics Anonymous (NA) can provide ongoing peer support and encouragement. It’s important to seek professional help if you or someone you know is struggling with substance addiction.
