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Organic Brain Syndrome (OBS)
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- Organic Brain Syndrome (OBS)
What is Organic brain syndromes
Organic brain syndromes constitute increasing public health, social and economic problems. In the diagnosis of organic brain syndrome no single symptom is pathognomonic. The core features of organic brain syndrome are disturbances in cognitive functions (memory, thinking, perception, and attention). The expression of emotions is altered, and alertness and vigilance are disturbed. The clinical picture is confused by compensatory, protective, and reactive symptoms. The most important psychopathogenetic mechanisms of organic brain syndrome are impaired cerebral function and the subjective meaning of the illness to the individual.
Neurocognitive disorders are a group of conditions that frequently lead to impaired mental function. Organic brain syndrome used to be the term to describe these conditions, but neurocognitive disorders is now the more commonly used term.
Neurocognitive Disorders (Organic brain syndromes) Causes
The most common cause of neurocognitive disorders is a neurodegenerative disease. Neurodegenerative diseases that can lead to the development of neurocognitive disorders include:
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Parkinson’s disease
- Huntington’s disease
- dementia
- prion disease
- multiple sclerosis
In people under age 60, however, neurocognitive disorders are more likely to occur after an injury or infection. Nondegenerative conditions that may cause neurocognitive disorders include:
- a concussion
- traumatic brain injury that causes bleeding in the brain or space around the brain
- blood clots
- meningitis
- encephalitis
- septicemia
- drug or alcohol abuse
- vitamin deficiency
Signs And Symptoms
The symptoms of neurocognitive disorders can vary depending on the cause. When the condition occurs as a result of a neurodegenerative disease, people may experience:
- memory loss
- confusion
- anxiety
Other symptoms that may occur in people with neurocognitive disorders include:
- headaches, especially in those with a concussion or traumatic brain injury
- inability to concentrate or focus
- short-term memory loss
- trouble performing routine tasks, such as driving
- difficulty walking and balancing
- changes in vision
How Are Neurocognitive Disorders (Organic brain syndromes)Treated
Treatment for neurocognitive disorders varies depending on the underlying cause. Certain conditions may only require rest and medication. Neurodegenerative diseases may require different types of therapy.
Treatments for neurocognitive disorders may include:
- bed rest to give injuries time to heal
- pain medications, such as indomethacin, to relieve headaches
- antibiotics to clear remaining infections affecting the brain, such as meningitis
- surgery to repair any severe brain damage
- occupational therapy to help redevelop everyday skills
- physical therapy to improve strength, coordination, balance, and flexibility
